Social Work Essay

Social Work Essay Social work is a profession that focuses on people of all ages. The definition given by the International Federation of Social Workers is, The above definition states that social work values include solving problems, enhancing well-being, human rights, social justice, empowerment, social change and liberation. The definition of the word values differs depending on whether you are talking about personal values or professional values. Personal values are a set of principles that support peoples actions or behaviours. Professional values are guidelines like the Code of Practice set up by the Care Council for Wales that all social care workers must adhere to. As a social worker our personal values must not interfere with our professional values. We must be professional at all times. The role of a social worker is to shield vulnerable people, develop relationships and where possible help families to stay together while sticking to these guidelines. They also support people to enable them to live a happy life as possible. Social workers work as part of multi-disciplinary teams with other professions such as education, health and probation services. This is to make sure that all aspects of the service users life is taken into consideration when help is being discussed. If this is completed effectively no aspect of the service users life if left without any help if it is needed. Social workers work in various different organisations. Some work for local authorities in children and adult services departments there are also social workers working in hospitals and the voluntary and private sector. The above value of social justice includes the need for resources to be distributed evenly amongst all members of society, to ensure that basic human needs are met. It is the members of society that are socially excluded that find it difficult to access these resources. Many people that social workers work with are socially excluded and discriminated against for a number of reasons. Social exclusion is defined as, Social exclusion describes a way of life where opportunities are few, services are difficult to access and people lose hope. It is caused and upheld by a set of linked, and often recurring, problems like low income, lack of work, poor health, low educational attainment, living in a poor physical environment and high levels of crime. As a result of social exclusion it is difficult to reduce poverty and malnutrition due to the people who are socially excluded being more difficult to reach. People with less money are more likely to have poor levels of health and education. This is particularly true when lack of money is paired with lack of basic needs. Discrimination is also a big part of being socially excluded. Discrimination has been apparent as far back a 1834 with the Poor Law Amendment Act where people where categorised as either deserving or undeserving poor. The deserving poor included widows, the very old and the very ill, the undeserving poor included unmarried mothers. Some members of society still hold these views today. Members of society can be discriminated against for many reasons including age, race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. Discrimination has negative affects for both the individual and society. It could result in the individual being too scared to leave the house for fear of being called names or in some cases attacked due to their race. This could cause them to become isolated which could cause depression. It is the responsibility of a social worker to see past the age of a service user or their race and to help them as an individual. The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (2000) cited in Horner (2007, pg 141) talks about social work values and states that, It is important that at all times social workers practice in an anti oppressive and anti -discriminatory way. Both terms are often used interchangeably but the meaning of oppressive is different to that of discriminatory. Anti-discriminatory practice is compulsory by legislation. This started in the Sex Equality Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Children Act 1989. Equality is a basic principle with regards to the work the Welsh Government are doing. Before devolution there was no logical approach to inequalities in Wales. In Wales: A better country, it states that, There are differing levels of social exclusion depending on the area in which you live. Access to resources is easier If you live in the centre on Cardiff as you are close to all of the amenities you may need, for example a Doctors surgery if you are felling unwell or a supermarket selling copious amounts of fruit and vegetables to help provide a healthy balanced diet. If you live on the outskirts of the city where there are less houses and more open fields, you have further to travel to see a doctor or access fruit and vegetables, in most cases you need a car to access these and need to have good health in general to be able to make the journey. In 1998, twelve out of twenty-two Local Authorities in Wales had a higher percentage of unfit housing than the Welsh average of 8.5 percent (Welsh Government, 2006). This means that more than 8.5 percent of housing in over half of Wales wasnt suitable for people to live in. The issues social workers in Wales may come across are not only different depending on where in Wales they work but with Wales being a multi-cultural society they may come across a service user whose first language is different to their own. This does not just refer to people speaking Welsh but also people speaking other languages from all over the World, for example, Polish and Indian amongst others. Without prior knowledge of this, it is difficult to accommodate and you may find that your questions are now fully being understood or you are not fully understanding the questions. If you know in advance it may be possible to arrange for an interpreter, this would mean that the conversation is understood and you are more likely to give that service user the help that they need. Social services in Wales are delivered to the people by the twenty-two local authorities and around 1,800 voluntary and private organisations. The law requires Local authorities to provide Social Services. There are 150,000 people in Wales that are supported by social services. The Welsh Governments responsibilities for funding, setting the policy, reviewing, inspecting and regulating social services, cover, adult and child care, support and advice, grants and community voluntary care. The foundation of the Welsh Governments Social Services and Social Care work is the 10 year strategy Fulfilled Lives, Supportive Communities. The strategy is put to local authorities who have a responsibility, In conclusion, the role of a social worker is very varied and complex. Social workers face many issues while working with service users and their families. They work with people of all ages. There are many values that social workers must work to which can be found in the code of practice, outlined by the Care Council for Wales. Promoting social justice is a very important value that all social workers but work towards with service users. Everyone had personal values that they have developed as they have grown older but it is important that social workers stick to the professional values that they have agreed to uphold at all times and that their personal values do not interfere with these. Social workers work with the most vulnerable members of society and to ensure professionalism they stick to guidelines at all times. To help service users, multi-disciplinary teams are set up. These make sure that all aspect of the service users life is taken into consideration when trying to help them. It is not only Local Authorities that have social workers as part of the teams, there are also social workers working in the voluntary and private sector. The value of social justice includes the need for resources to be distributed evenly to all of society. It is the members of society that are socially excluded that find it hard to access these resources. People who are socially excluded have fewer opportunities and very often lose hope. It can be difficult to address social exclusion as people who are socially excluded are difficult to reach. Discrimination is a big part of social exclusion. People can be discriminated against because of their age, race, ethnic origin, gender and sexual orientation amongst others. There are only negative effects of discrimination which could lead to depression. Levels of social exclusion can be different depending on where people live, so no two social workers work with identical service users because they just do not exist.

Essay --

Varfà ¶r blev det egentligen krig 1914? Inte sedan fransk-tyska kriget 1871 hade det fà ¶rekommit strider i Và ¤steuropa. Efter 41 à ¥r av fred hade en hel generation vuxit upp utan egna erfarenheter av krig. Och det fanns starka krafter fà ¶r en fortsatt fred. Men samtidigt fanns det ocksà ¥ mycket som talade fà ¶r en à ¶kad krigsrisk i Europa. Wienkongressen, 1815 Under Wienkongressen konstruerades ett Europa med ett antal jà ¤mbà ¶rdiga là ¤nder. Tanken var att det skulle gà ¤lla nà ¥gon slags balans mellan dem. Alltsà ¥ att inget land dominerade mer à ¤n ett annat. Man kan sà ¤ga att under 1900-talets bà ¶rjan fungerade Europa lite som motsatsen till just denna jà ¤mbà ¶rdiga uppdelning. Là ¤nderna bà ¶rjade konkurrera mer och mer med varandra. Det de fokuserade pà ¥ var sin egen makt, sina kolonier och sin egen industri. Milità ¤ra maktblock och svag demokrati De stà ¶rsta là ¤nderna i Europa vid den hà ¤r tiden var Storbritannien, Tyskland, Ryssland, Frankrike och Ãâ€"sterrike-Ungern. Storbritannien som var mer fà ¶r sig sjà ¤lv dà ¥ det à ¤r ett à ¶-rike hade inte sà ¥ stort intresse av politiken i Europa under bà ¶rjan av 1900-talet. I Frankrike fanns det en là ¤ngtan efter hà ¤mnd dà ¥ Tyskland hade besegrat de i krig 1870-71. Det krig som ledde till Tyskland enandes. Frankrike tvingades erkà ¤nna sig besegrat och ge upp delar av sitt land. Att hà ¤mnas mot tyskarna och ta tillbaka sina territorier var en stor anledning till att fransmà ¤nnen gav sig in i fà ¶rsta và ¤rldskriget. Det rà ¥dde oro i Ãâ€"sterrike-Ungern dà ¥ var ett mycket stort land som innefattade mà ¥nga av dagens Europeiska là ¤nder. Det fanns olika nationaliteter, sprà ¥k och kulturer inom landet. Pà ¥ grund av de nationalistiska tankarna sà ¥ ansà ¥g dessa regioner att de borde bli sjà ¤lvstà ¤ndiga. Ryssland hade en liknande situation. Utà ¶ver det ... ... là ¤mna det ryska kejsardà ¶met. Mest oroligt var det pà ¥ Balkanhalvà ¶n. Bland serberna i Bosnien à ¶kade kravet pà ¥ att fà ¥ là ¤mna Ãâ€"sterrike och là ¥ta landet ingà ¥ i ett nytt Stor-Serbien. Imperialism och kapprustning De europeiska stormakterna tà ¤vlade sedan là ¤nge om att erà ¶vra kolonier i bland annat Afrika. Storbritannien, Frankrike och Tyskland hade de stà ¶rsta imperierna. Fà ¶r att skydda kolonierna och handeln à ¶ver haven skaffade de imperialistiska staterna stora krigsfartyg. Storbritanniens flotta var và ¤rldens mà ¤ktigast, men Tyskland byggde sà ¥ mà ¥nga och stora krigsskepp att britternas position som ledande sjà ¶makt var hotad. Den brittiska regeringen satsade dà ¤rfà ¶r à ¤nnu mera pengar pà ¥ à ¤nnu stà ¶rre fartyg. Kapprustningen var i full gà ¥ng. Mà ¥nga andra là ¤nder drogs snart in i denna kamp. Fà ¶r varje à ¥r som gick krà ¤vde milità ¤rledningarna stà ¶rre och bà ¤ttre kanoner, och fler soldater

The Bourne Ultimatum

The Bourne ultimatum is about a guy that works for the CIA, but at the same time is trying to uncover his identity. The movie represents a variety of political messages that portray a corrupt government who through secrecy utilize their power to better the personage. The Bourne ultimatum shows a variety of political messages such as individuality, corruption, conflict, role of government, power and secrecy. However, the main theme portrayed throughout the movie is the involvement of corruption in the Central Intelligence Agency. Several individuals were portrayed as having too much power. To understand Bourne ultimatum you may need to watch the first movie (the Bourne identity) as well as the second movie (The Bourne supremacy). The Bourne ultimatum is a movie that transfers the corruption of the CIA. For example, the CIA officers, are officers that protect the nations and investigate terrorism so that it is ceased. How is it possible that there are officers that are complete hypocrites because they betray their nation. The movie also helped demonstrate how the corruption is served by betraying the country. As the film unravels the involvement of corruption only deepens and the relationship between corruption, secrecy, power and individuality seem synonymous. As the protagonist, Jason Bourne struggles to find his own identity, the involvement of corruption in the CIA worsens. According to Bourne’s head trainer Conklin, Jason Bourne is a â€Å"malfunctioning 30 million dollar weapon of the United States government†. He is a highly trained assassin who is suffering from amnesia struggling to find his own identity. Bourne was involved in a top secret program called â€Å"Treadstone†, which went wrong after the program attempted to alleviate a conflict by assassinating of a political leader. The second movie begins before the end of the events in (The Bourne Supremacy). Bourne Ultimatum ultimately reveals the total corruption involved in the CIA and Bourne’s true identity. Bourne then reads an article in The Guardian by Ross about Bourne, Treadstone, and â€Å"Operation Blackbriar. † He then arranges to meet Ross in London at the south entrance of Waterloo Station. Ross, however, is under surveillance because his use of the word â€Å"Blackbriar† in a phone call to his editor was tracked by Echelon, alerting the CIA. CIA section Chief Noah Vosen alerts his staff at the Anti-Terrorism Deep Cover in New York to find out any information on Ross, believing that Operation Blackbriar has been compromised. Vosen orders an assassin, Paz, to kill Ross and his source. Vosen's team identifies Bourne on a security camera and recognizes him as the original Treadstone assassin, and assumes he is Ross's source. While Paz gets into a position with a sniper and kills Ross, Bourne went to Ross body and gets his note and he run away. In this scene, the government’s agents received information that a British news reporter uncovered something about an operation called Blackbriar, so they tried to track him down by looking up his record. They were able to find his personal information including his address, cell-phone numbers, and job location. During this process the agents hacked into the news reporter’s email transactions and discovered that he bought a train ticket so agents were sent to the train station to capture the reporter. When the reporter arrived at the train station the agents monitored his every move from a room filled with high tech computers and TV screens that were hooked up to the surveillance cameras, and satellite communication system. Surveillance cameras are there to make sure that no shady activities are present. People recognize that they are there, but the CIA used the cameras to help them capture the reporter and Jason Bourne, so their secrets will remain secret. Later in the movie the CIA officials sent an assassin to kill the reporter, and the cameras assisted in locating the position of the reporter. When the assassin shot him, the security cameras were purposely turned off. This is not acceptable! The cameras are not there to aide murderers. The CIA is protected by the Patriot Act which allows them to access medical records, tax records, and information about the books that one buys or borrow without probable cause, and the power to break into your home and conduct secret searches without warning or probable cause (USA Patriot Act). The Patriot Act is aimed at terrorists or people that are potentially terrorists and it doesn’t give the government the power to kill innocent people. Even though the reporter was not a British Citizen, the CIA agents were from the US so they should follow American laws. Also the reporter in this movie was not a terrorist. He was harmless to society. He just happened to hear something that he wasn’t suppose to hear. This movie shows what the government is capable of doing, and they could be monitoring the everyday lives of U. S. Citizens, listening in on our phone conversations. Pamela Landy is asked to help capture Bourne. With Landy's help, Vosen and his team also determine that Neil Daniels is Ross' source. By implementing Landy in the films was a successful character, the director attempted to send an important message to his audience. I believe that he tried to instill the idea of separated Landy from the other male characters was corruption, Landy worked to answer questions and find truth. She was portrayed as the ideal CIA official. Vosen and his team also determined that Neil Daniels is Ross' source. They send a team to Daniels' office in Madrid, to kill her, but Bourne get first to save her and killing Desh Bouksani that was the guy they send to kill Daniels. Bourne later found out that Blackbriar was Treadstone’s â€Å"dirty little secret†, it provided a way for corrupt CIA officials to cover up their slip ups by sending Bourne to eliminate targets. This would allow the officials to keep their corrupt ways a secret. They utilized their power; Blackbriar, to carry out their own dirty missions. Bourne takes a flight to New York City, he calls Landy while observing her and Vosen from across the street, the same call that was shown at the end of the second movie. Bourne sends a text message to Landy to arrange a meeting. Vosen and his team intercept the message and follow Landy as she leaves the building. However, the meeting is simply a diversion to allow him to enter Vosen's office and steal classified Blackbriar documents. Landy gave Bourne the address of the Treadstone R facility in code when Landy gave Bourne his date of birth. Bourne meets Landy and gives her the stolen documents from Vosen's office before entering the building. Landy finishes faxing away the Blackbriar document that Bourne stole to the FBI. Landy realizes that the man she is working with to find Bourne is also corrupt. The CIA director Noah Vosen was Blackbriar’s â€Å"operational chief,† and DR. Albert Hirsch was the â€Å"alleged mastermind of the program† She wasn’t able to prove this if Bourne had acquired the files needed to prosecute the corrupt CIA officials. By achieving these files and confronting the officials Bourne was able to find his true identity. In this movie we have the opportunity of see how the CIA, works in their secrets case. I believe the director may want to teach the audience showing example of how the government works and as well making to see not matter how important can be the agency there still haven individual that there dishonest. Also the director included political messages and carefully placed cameras in order to capture the real life possibilities of corruption, secrecy, power in our government. The camera angles were set as if the movie were a documentary, everything was set up so that it all seemed real and was happening now. This method made the film seem more real and believable. It greatly highlighted the quality and sense of reality throughout the film. In the sense of corruption the film is pretty accurate in its representation of the political system. For example, corruption among high levels of government like those involved in the Watergate and the occasional CIA leaks that we see on CNN and FOX news channels are established in the Bourne movies. All of these ideas are introduced and incorporated into the Bourne films which furthermore increase the films realistic and documentary feel. In effect, the director successfully increases the validity of the film’s material. Another aspect The U. S. Government takes a lot of safety precautions to protect its property and people, but sometimes they go too far even as far as to invade the privacy of its citizens. In the new film Bourne Ultimatum many example of privacy invasion is demonstrated. Some of these examples of privacy invasion are acceptable under extreme circumstances, but others are not. Otherwise what increased the films reality was Bourne’s ability to use anything in order to complete his tasks. He worked with what he was given and it made the audience really appreciate his craft and skill with his ability to maneuver things to work in his favor. Another example are the fighting scenes, he was seen using not only guns, but also cords, towels, books, to defend himself and neutralize his opponents. He used whatever it took to get the job done and stay alive. This is important because according to field operation officers like Bourne were highly trained in areas such as, self defense, weapons handling, high speed driving, disguise, and secret writing communications, which all represent an entire array of what CIA calls the trade craft skills. A good fields’ officer makes anything his weapon. The more trained you are with weaponry, more missions will be completed. The film reflected a negative outlook on American politics. It demonstrated the U. S. government particularly the CIA as being a corrupt agency that utilized their reserved powers to resolve not only regular but also personal conflicts through secrecy to better their individual selves. The idea of imperfection, political messages like corruption, and from a general standpoint accurate portrayal of an operations field officer, qualifies the trilogy as a representative piece of American politics. The Bourne films give a realistic point of view; government is not perfect! Contrary to most films the Bourne movies show that the government too is vulnerable to issues like corruption, secrecy, and abuse of power. By filming as if the film were a documentary on Jason Bourne, the film ultimately delineates imperfection amongst our levels of government.

Anxiety and Occurrences in a Past - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1323 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? My theory on Nikolas is based on Psychoanalytic Theory, founded by Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our character. Anxiety deriving from stressful occurrences in a persons past is concealed from consciousness and may be harmful during adulthood. Nikolas is a 33 years old man who suffers from anxiety and after his brother passed away due to alcoholism his anxiety attacks increased. Nikolas might feel guilty about his brothers sudden death because of leaving his brother live by himself. After Nikolass brother passed away his life changed dramatically, and his anxiety increased. His lack of employment, low self-esteem, and poor social skills are a factor for his anxiety. Hes having thoughts that hes going to die and feels very unsecured. Nikolas is normally by himself and is afraid to date due to fears of being rejected. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anxiety and Occurrences in a Past" essay for you Create order As Nikolass therapist I will utilize some of Freuds Defense Mechanisms. Its possible that because of Nikolass overwhelming anxiety attacks he is going thru Regression, a defense mechanism used when the ego is threatened, a person may use this mechanism to go back to an earlier stage of development that was less stressful and less mature in order to cope with current anxiety. Denial Defense mechanism by not accepting the reality that his brother died due complications of alcoholism. Repression Defense mechanism by having painful memories from his childhood stored in the unconscious, or Projection Defense mechanism by blaming others and believing God is punishing him. I will focus in restructuring Nikolass personality and not only diminishing symptoms or unscrambling problems. I will apply Freuds psychoanalytic therapy (with the analyst seeing the client one to three times a week, usually face to face) have two main goals of therapy: to help him bring the unconscious to conscious awareness and to strengthen the ego so that an individual is less influenced by instinctual drives of the id or demanding perfectionistic standards of the superego and freer to act in more realistic ways. (Tan, 2011). During the session I will ask him questions about his childhood; if there are any painful or uncomfortable situations that come to mind at this time, or if he had or has any dreams that he would like to share with me. I will ask Nikolas to keep a record of his dreams and to talk about his dreams openly with me. Advised him that he can feel free to tell me anything that comes to mind and that the wording doesnt have to be perfect. By doing this we will be abl e to find situations of his early child hood or previous events that contributed to Nikolass health condition. As Nikolas therapist I will strive to have a good working alliance with my client. I will start by asking my client questions about him. Did anyone hurt you emotionally or physically during your childhood? What do you think caused for you and your brother to begin heavily drinking? Can you describe your relationship with your brother? Were you in a romantic relationship before you started heavily drinking? Can you tell me about your work history? By Nikolas responding this question it will help us gather more evidence about his feelings and emotions. By Utilizing some of Frauds Main Theoretical principles about early childhood we will need to fine evidence of events that might had occurred during his early childhood, such as how was his life with his parents? Was he a happy child? Did he suffer during childhood? We will concentrate in conscious/unconscious mind: Is Nikolas using his unconscious mind and bringing memories from the past to the present, by not accepting the death of his brother? A major theoretical ideal that will be used in my client Nikolas is The Superego, it provides a moral code, it contains the social and parental values and standards to which a person has been exposed. My goals for Nikolas are to make a change in his life and to let him accept his brothers death and help him understand that is not his fault. To help him understand that God is not punishing him. To give him assignments and expect them to be complete by the due date. We will have sessions one to three times a week. One of my assignments will be for him to download apps that he can enjoy, read books and if he feels conformable to go to the gym. Some of these activities can help him meet new people. I will also recommend exercising. He can start taking short walks around his block and/or start yoga exercises to help him control his anxiety attacks. I will advise him to attend church and to get closer to God and let him understand that God will always be there for him. God is not here to judge or to punish him. He might consider taking bible studies. After I set up these goals with Nikolas I would meet him again and see if theres any improvement, if an improvement is met we might be abl e to reduce the sessions, instead of twice a week session we can meet once a week. The major therapeutic techniques and interventions in psychoanalytic therapy are: Maintaining the analytic framework, free association, dream analysis, interpretation, analysis of transference, and analysis of resistance. (Tan 2011 pg. 47). Therefore, by maintaining the analytic framework, the therapist must remain as neutral and anonymous as possible. Nikolas must maintain his appointments and attend to all the sessions from beginning to end. He is assuming he is been punished by God because of what has happened with his brother his brother. He is making his own analysis and as a therapist I will help him understand that Im here for him and will not judge him for what might had happened in the past or his childhood. I will focus in finding Nikolas cultural background, morals and religious beliefs. It can also be possible that he may think that he is not able to economically support a partner at this time due to his employment status, he has no job. In some cultures, men are required to work before getting in a relationship. Specifically, relational and intersubjectivity approaches recognize that both counselor and client make sense of the others affect, behavior, and expression in terms of their own unconscious cultural organizing. (Gehart, 2016) I believe Nikolas was not ready to move out and that he was forced to move out due to being exposed to alcoholic drinks. Nikolas might feel that is his fault his brother died because of moving out of the house. Nikolas biblical faith of God is low, hes having doubts, he believes he is been punished by God and that all the bad things happening around him are Gods fault. My advice for Nikolas it would be that no one is guilty for what happened with his brother. His brothers death might had happened for another reason, his brother could had been sick. God will always be there for him in good and bad times. To let Nikolas recognize that God is not here to judge or punish him. God forgives our sins and will always love us. Nikolas narrows focus on aggressive and sexual instincts in the motivation of human behavior is unbalanced. (Tan, 2011). My client Nikolass anxiety condition has improved, now hes able to visit more less crowed places. Hes starting to accept that he needs to take care of himself and love himself before anything else. Hes having routine visits with his regular doctor to check his heart beat. Nikolas still attending our sessions once a week. Hes doing outstanding on his assignments, never misses a session and hes always on time. We will prescribe medication as needed. By applying Defense Mechanisms by Freuds psychoanalytic as a therapist has helped me become a better listener and I have also learned to never judge my clients.